Foot torsion stiffness refers to the foot’s ability to resist deformation when subjected to twisting forces, and such characteristics play a crucial role in preventing sports injuries and informing the design of athletic footwear. This review systematically summarizes the biomechanical research progress of foot torsion and shoe torsion, as well as the research and application of multi-segment foot models in foot-shoe torsion. The findings indicate that foot torsion stiffness significantly impacts lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and athletic performance. Optimizing this stiffness can improve stress distribution, reduce injury risk, and enhance performance. The future researches should focus on refining measurement techniques to enhance reliability and efficiency in clinical applications, providing a scientific foundation for sports injury prevention and footwear design.