This paper reviewed the research progress in fatigue protocols and biomechanics of drop landing and its relationship with injury induced by exercise-induced fatigue. At present, fatigue protocols can be divided into traditional fatigue-induced protocol and functional fatigue-induced protocol under laboratory condition. The former mainly includes power-cycling model, treadmill run model and step-ups model; the latter is closer to what is experienced during competition, which is usually shown as multidirectional movements. In addition, the biomechanical measures of exercise-induced fatigue mainly included kinematics, ground reaction force, joint mechanics, and electromyography. Different fatigue protocols did not uniformly produce alterations in lower limb biomechanical factors. Future studies need to consider the refinement of fatigue protocols and specific indicators in order to make a comparison of the induced effects of fatigue protocols and provide a reference for the selection of fatigue protocols in laboratory tests. Meanwhile, Clarifying the relationship between the response of brain-nerve system and the activation of musculoskeletal system in athletic tasks so as to provide a theoretical basis for the neuromuscular prevention training programs and reduce the incidence of sports injuries.