The impact of various anterior cervical surgeries on the biomechanical properties of cervical vertebrae varies depending on the specific surgical techniques employed. However, accurately measuring the mechanical characteristics of individual parts of the cervical vertebrae or the discs within them in a clinical setting can be challenging. As a result, the finite element method is commonly utilized in research on anterior cervical surgery, allowing for precise analysis of stress and strain distribution in different areas of interest through computer simulations. This method facilitates the study of biomechanical properties associated with different anterior cervical surgical approaches. This review article discusses the advancements in finite element analysis in the context of anterior cervical surgery, summarizing current research findings on fusion and non-fusion procedures, hybrid surgeries, and minimally invasive techniques. The aim is to offer a biomechanical perspective that can guide the selection of appropriate anterior cervical surgical interventions.