Objective Correctively monitoring the values of resistance (R) in respiratory tract and the compliance (C) in lung, it’s one of critical technologies for ensuring reasonable setting the parameters of ventilation and reducing ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI). Therefore, in this paper, we investigated the method of measuring R and C under non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) conditions by using a brief pressure release in the end of expiration. Method Firstly, a NPPV respirator was developed with programming the method of calculating the R and C. And based on employing the developed respirator and the active servo lung ASL5000, an experimental platform was designed for studying the method of calculating the R and C. Then, to set the ASL5000 simulating a healthy adult with R=5 (cmH2O) and C=50 [mL? (cmH2O) -1], an adult patient in acute respiratory distress syndrome with R=10 (cmH2O)and C=30 [mL? (cmH2O) -1], and an adult patient in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with R=20(cmH2O)，C=50 [mL? (cmH2O) -1], we conducted a serial of experiments for calculating the R and C. Results In the experimental results, we found the maximum relative error of R = -12.67% in calculating the R of normal adult, and the maximum relative error of C = 17.37% in calculating the C of the patient in acute respiratory distress syndrome. By employing the paired T-Test, the statistic?results?showed all P values > 0.05. Conclusions The calculated values of R and C are?similar?to?the set values in ASL5000. The experimental results suggest that it’s practicable to calculate the R and C during NPPV. The development of calculating the R and C will be beneficial for achieving the precise ventilation and the personalized ventilation.