树突状细胞（dendritic cells, DCs）是目前已知机体内功能最为强大的抗原提呈细胞，具有高效的抗原摄取、加工和处理能力，能够在二级淋巴组织向幼稚T细胞提呈抗原，从而诱导免疫应答或耐受，在启动和放大先天性及适应性免疫中发挥关键作用。DCs在发挥其生理学功能的过程中经历复杂的化学和力学微环境变化，并表现出不同力学表型和免疫表型，深入理解调控DCs力学表型和免疫表型的化学和力学因素是利用其治疗免疫相关疾病的先决条件。本文主要介绍DCs生物力学与力学生物学研究的进展，并探讨其在免疫相关疾病治疗中的潜在应用和未来发展方向。

Dendritic cells (DCs) are now known as the most powerful antigen-presenting cells in vivo, with efficient antigen uptaking, and processing capabilities. They can present antigens to na?ve T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues, thereby induce immune response or tolerance, and play a key role in initiating and amplifying innate and adaptive immunity. DCs experience complex chemical and mechanical microenvironment changes and show different mechanophenotypes and immunophenotypes in the process of exerting their physiological functions. Deeply understanding the chemical and mechanical factors that regulate the mechanophenotypes and immunophenotypes of DCs is a prerequisite for using DCs to treat immune related diseases. In this review, the progress in the biomechanics and mechanobiology research of DCs was mainly introduced, and their potential applications and future development directions in the treatment of immune related diseases were explored.