Abstract: Objective To investigate effects of temperature on the airflow field and particle transport and deposition in the human respiratory airway. Method Make use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to simulate gas-solid flows in the human respiratory tract containing mucus layer on the human airway boundary. Particles with 8 different particle sizes (1-8 ) in the human respiratory tract at six different ambient temperatures (248K, 258K, 273K, 289K, 300K and 319K) were considered.?Result 1) The difference between the flow velocity and the average flow velocity under the six kinds of temperatures can reach 39.42%;?The difference between the air flow turbulent kinetic energy and the average turbulent kinetic energy of the six temperatures can reach 11.59%;?The difference between the change of airflow temperature and the average change of air flow temperature under the six kinds of temperatures can reach 82.4%. 2)?The difference between the particle total deposition rate and the average value of the total deposition rate at six temperatures is 14.72%; The difference between the particle local deposition rate and the average value of the local deposition rate under the six kinds of temperatures can reach 37.08%. Conclusion The ambient temperature certainly impacts properties of the airflow field and then affects the properties of particle deposition in the human respiratory tract. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of ambient temperature when it requires accurately predicting the properties of particle transport and deposition in the human respiratory tract.