Object By comparing the mechanical properties (cell area, volume and elastic modulus) of red blood cells between newborn babies and the elderly over 80 years old, and the correlation with the physiological and biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin, the effects of different ages and biochemical parameters on the mechanical properties of red blood cells were analyzed. Methods The Micropipette aspiration was used to measure the surface area, volume and elastic modulus of erythrocytes of newborn babies and elderly people over 80 years old, and the data were analyzed by statistical distribution analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results The mean values of volume, surface area and elastic modulus of red blood cells in the elderly over 80 years old were smaller than those in the newborn babies, and the mean values of mechanical parameters of red blood cells in the same age group were not significantly different. The geometric parameter distribution of erythrocytes of newborns is more concentrated than that of the elderly, while the distribution of elastic modulus is more dispersed than that of the elderly.The mechanical properties of red blood cells in newborn babies are highly correlated with total cholesterol and gestational week; the mechanical properties of red blood cells in elderly people are highly correlated with diastolic blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion There are significant differences in the mechanical properties of red blood cells between newborn babies and the elderly over 80 years old, and the biochemical indexes that affect the mechanical properties of red blood cells at different ages are also different.